A new paper, Implementation of perception and action at nanoscale, (PDF format) describes the combination of nanosensors and nanoactuators to create a virtual reality environment in which humans can act and perceive on the nanoscale. The system works something like conventional telepresence in which a human perceives and acts through a remote robot. In this case the human perceives and acts indirectly via VR through a nanoscale robot. The researchers describe the first real world construction of such a system.