TECHNOLOGYtech

12 Best Voice Recorder Mic For 2024

12-best-voice-recorder-mic-for-2023

Are you in need of a high-quality voice recorder mic for your professional or personal use in 2023? Look no further, as we present to you the 12 Best Voice Recorder Mic for 2023. Whether you are a podcaster, journalist, musician, or simply someone who values crystal-clear audio, these top-of-the-line recording mics are designed to deliver exceptional performance. With advanced features such as noise cancellation, superior sound capture, and seamless compatibility with various devices, these recorders are sure to meet your recording needs. Stay tuned to explore the options and make an informed decision for your recording endeavors in 2023.

Overall Score: 8.5/10

The 96GB TCTEC Digital Voice Recorder is a powerful and reliable audio recording device with an impressive 96GB of memory, offering up to 7000 hours of recording capacity. It features high-quality audio with advanced noise cancellation technology, capturing crystal-clear sound without any distractions. The modern and elegant design, along with the user-friendly interface, makes it easy to use for both beginners and professionals. With a long battery life of up to 35 hours and auto-save functionality, you can record with confidence without worrying about losing your recordings. The recorder also offers password protection and file management for enhanced privacy and easy organization. With its voice activation feature and USB-C connection, you can start recording automatically and transfer your files quickly. It's the perfect gift for professionals, students, and anyone who needs to capture important audio recordings.

Key Features

  • 96GB massive memory, 7000 hours audio storage
  • High-quality audio & noise cancellation
  • Easy to use & modern design
  • Long battery life & auto-save
  • Password protection & file management
  • Voice activation & USB-C connection
  • Perfect gift for your loved ones

Specifications

  • Dimension: 1.23Lx4.18Wx0.45H

Pros

  • Massive memory for storing 7000 hours of audio
  • Crystal-clear sound with excellent clarity
  • User-friendly interface and easy to use
  • Long battery life and auto-save functionality
  • Password protection for enhanced privacy
  • Voice activation for convenient recording
  • Comes with clip-on microphone, headphones, and USB-C cable

Cons

  • USB cord may have connectivity issues
  • Some users experienced a short lifespan

The 96GB TCTEC Digital Voice Recorder is a reliable and feature-packed audio recording device. With its massive memory and high-quality audio, it is perfect for professionals, students, journalists, and anyone in need of capturing important audio recordings. The user-friendly interface, long battery life, and auto-save feature provide convenience and peace of mind during recording sessions. The password protection and file management ensure the privacy and organization of your recordings. While there may be occasional connectivity issues with the USB cord, overall, this recorder delivers excellent performance. It makes for a thoughtful gift for loved ones pursuing education, careers, or personal passions. Enhance productivity and never miss an important moment with the 96GB TCTEC Digital Voice Recorder.

Overall Score: 8/10

The Sony Digital Voice Recorder ICD-PX Series is a versatile and high-quality voice recorder with a built-in microphone and USB connectivity. With 4GB of memory, you can record up to 173 hours of audio and enjoy up to 32 hours of battery life. The Noise Cut feature ensures that your recordings are clear and free from unwanted background noise. The recorder also comes with a NeeGo Lavalier Lapel Mic, making it perfect for interviews, presentations, and more. Whether you're a student, journalist, or business professional, this voice recorder is a reliable and convenient tool for capturing and editing audio recordings on the go.

Key Features

  • Built-in 4 GB flash memory
  • Up to 173 Hours of maximum recording time
  • Up to 32 hours of battery life
  • USB Direct-PC & Mac compatibility
  • Add/Overwrite function for easy editing on the go
  • Noise Cut for noise-free recordings
  • Includes a Nee Go Lavalier Lapel Mic

Specifications

    Pros

    • Ample recording time and long battery life
    • High-quality audio recordings with Noise Cut feature
    • Includes a Nee Go Lavalier Lapel Mic for added versatility
    • Compact and portable design

    Cons

    • No battery level indicator
    • Plastic casing feels cheap
    • Additional batteries needed
    • User manual could be better

    The Sony Digital Voice Recorder ICD-PX Series is a reliable and versatile device that offers great convenience for capturing and editing audio recordings. With its ample storage capacity and long battery life, it is perfect for students, journalists, and business professionals who need a portable solution for their recording needs. The Noise Cut feature ensures that your recordings are clear and free from unwanted background noise, while the included Lavalier Lapel Mic adds even more versatility. Although it has some minor drawbacks like the lack of a battery level indicator and a plastic casing, these are outweighed by its overall performance and functionality. If you’re in need of a high-quality voice recorder, the Sony ICD-PX Series is definitely worth considering.

    Overall Score: 8.5/10

    The Sony Voice Recorder ICD-PX Series is a compact and easy-to-use device that allows you to record audio with great clarity. With its built-in 4 GB flash memory, you can enjoy up to 159 hours of maximum recording time. The recorder also features an adjustable microphone range, allowing you to capture sounds from different distances. It comes with a NeeGo Lavalier Lapel Mic for added convenience. The USB compatibility allows you to connect the device to your PC or Mac for easy file transfer. The memory card expansion slot gives you the option to expand the recorder's memory up to 32 GB. Overall, the Sony Voice Recorder ICD-PX Series is a versatile and reliable device that is perfect for recording lectures, meetings, and more.

    Key Features

    • Built-in 4 GB flash memory
    • Up to 159 hours of maximum recording time
    • Up to 55 hours of battery life
    • Adjustable microphone range
    • USB Direct-PC & Mac compatibility
    • Memory Card Expansion Slot (micro SD/SD HC/M2)
    • Track Mark function
    • Add/Overwrite function
    • Includes a Nee Go Lavalier Lapel Mic

    Specifications

      Pros

      • Easy to use and lightweight
      • Long battery life
      • Good sound quality
      • Convenient USB and memory card slots
      • Includes a Nee Go Lavalier Lapel Mic

      Cons

      • Additional microphone may not work well
      • Hard to find previous recordings easily
      • Sound may be low and not pick up distant voices

      The Sony Voice Recorder ICD-PX Series is a reliable and versatile device that offers great sound quality and convenience. Whether you need to record lectures, meetings, or personal memos, this recorder has you covered. The adjustable microphone range and long battery life make it suitable for various recording scenarios. The USB and memory card slots provide easy file transfer and memory expansion options. While there may be some issues with the additional microphone and finding previous recordings, these drawbacks are relatively minor compared to the overall performance of the recorder. With its user-friendly interface and solid features, the Sony Voice Recorder ICD-PX Series is a recommended choice for anyone in need of a reliable and affordable recording device.

      Overall Score: 7.5/10

      The KerLiTar K-R01 Voice Activated Recorder is a high-quality digital voice recorder ideal for recording lectures, meetings, interviews, and more. It features a dynamic noise cancellation microphone that captures crystal clear audio at 384kbps. The voice activation recording function picks up sound and omits silence to save memory space and make playback easier. With a storage capacity of up to 560 hours of recordings and a battery life of 21 hours of recording or 8 hours of playback, it is perfect for extended use. The compact and portable design makes it easy to carry, measuring only 85mm×36mm×14mm. Overall, it is a versatile and reliable device for anyone who needs to record important audio.

      Key Features

      • High quality voice recording
      • Voice Activated Recorder
      • Extensive Use
      • Recording more & Working longer
      • Portable Size

      Specifications

      • Color: Black
      • Dimension: 3.15Lx7.87Wx1.97H

      Pros

      • Crisp and clear audio quality
      • Voice activation saves memory space
      • Long battery life
      • Compact and portable design

      Cons

      • Low sound with static
      • Non-intuitive menu navigation
      • Loud hum/static in recordings
      • Scratches on the front of the unit

      The KerLiTar K-R01 Voice Activated Recorder is a versatile and reliable device for anyone in need of a high-quality digital voice recorder. It excels in capturing clear audio and offers convenient features such as voice activation recording and extensive storage capacity. The long battery life and portable size make it great for on-the-go use. However, it does have some drawbacks, including low sound quality with static and non-intuitive menu navigation. Despite these minor flaws, it remains a valuable tool for students, professionals, and anyone who needs to record important audio. Overall, the KerLiTar K-R01 is a commendable choice in the digital voice recorder market.

      Overall Score: 8/10

      The 64GB Voice Recorder is a versatile digital recorder with Bluetooth connectivity. It features dual-mic noise reduction for high-quality audio, a large 64GB capacity for storing hours of recordings, and a long battery life. With its Bluetooth function, you can connect it to your phone to automatically record calls or to Bluetooth headsets for audio playback. The recorder also offers additional functions such as music player, E-Books, and file management. It is easy to operate with fast response times and supports variable-speed playback. Whether you need it for interviews, meetings, or lectures, this voice recorder has you covered.

      Key Features

      • Bluetooth Connecting Function
      • Dual-mic Noise Reduction
      • 64GB Large Capacity
      • 50 Hours Continuous Recording
      • Muti-function Recorder
      • Easy to Operate & Fast Response
      • Variable-speed Playback

      Specifications

      • Dimension: 1.70Lx0.60Wx4.60H

      Pros

      • Bluetooth connectivity for call recording and audio playback
      • Dual-mic noise reduction for excellent sound quality
      • Large 64GB capacity and long battery life
      • Multi-function recorder with music player and file management
      • Easy to operate with fast response times

      Cons

      • May pick up background noise at higher volumes
      • Complicated for some users
      • Limited for in-person recordings without Bluetooth source

      The 64GB Voice Recorder is a reliable and versatile device that offers excellent sound quality with its dual-mic noise reduction. Its large capacity and long battery life make it ideal for extended recordings, while its Bluetooth connectivity adds convenience. The recorder’s additional functions make it a versatile tool for various needs. However, users should be cautious of background noise at higher volumes and be aware of the complexity for some users. Overall, this voice recorder is a valuable tool for interviews, meetings, or lectures, providing a seamless recording experience.

      Overall Score: 8/10

      The 64GB Digital Voice Recorder is a powerful and multifunctional device that offers high-quality recording and playback capabilities. With a large capacity of 64GB, it can store up to 16,000 songs or 270 hours of recordings. The recorder features rapid recording in emergency situations, innovative Bluetooth mode for phone call recording, and 3072KBPS HD stereo recording with noise reduction. It also offers a wide range of functions such as voice-activated recording, timer recording, and A-B repeat. The compact and lightweight design makes it convenient to carry and use in various situations. Although it may have a slightly outdated user interface and small buttons, it provides excellent sound quality and reliability. Overall, the 64GB Digital Voice Recorder is a great choice for anyone in need of a versatile and high-performing recording device.

      Key Features

      • 64GB large capacity for storing recordings and music
      • Rapid recording in emergency situations with instant playback
      • Innovative Bluetooth mode for phone call recording
      • 3072KBPS HD stereo recording with noise reduction
      • Multifunctional recorder with various features and formats

      Specifications

      • Color: Black
      • Dimension: 3.93Lx0.94Wx0.43H
      • Size: 10 x 2.4 x 1.1cm

      Pros

      • Large storage capacity
      • High-quality recording and playback
      • Innovative Bluetooth mode
      • Compact and lightweight design
      • Wide range of functions

      Cons

      • Outdated user interface
      • Small buttons
      • Clunky file management system

      The 64GB Digital Voice Recorder offers an impressive set of features and capabilities that make it a reliable and versatile recording device. With its large storage capacity, high-quality recording, and innovative Bluetooth mode, it caters to various recording needs. Despite its slightly outdated user interface and small buttons, the recorder delivers excellent sound quality and provides a range of functions for convenient use. Whether you need it for meetings, lectures, interviews, or other purposes, this recorder offers great value for its affordable price. It is a reliable companion for anyone in need of a high-performing and portable recording device.

      Overall Score: 8.4/10

      Capture high-quality sound with the 64GB Digital Voice Recorder for Lectures Meetings. This recording device features a noise-canceling microphone for clear PCM recording at 1536Kbps. With a storage capacity of 64GB, it can store up to 4846 hours of recording or 20,000 songs. The voice activation feature ensures that only talking voices are captured. It also functions as a USB flash drive and an MP3 player. You can easily transfer files to your computer and recharge the device quickly. With features like password protection, A-B repeat, and bookmark, this voice recorder is ideal for lectures, meetings, speeches, and interviews.

      Key Features

      • Clear PCM Recording
      • 64GB Digital Recorder
      • Voice Activated Recorder
      • Powerful Feature
      • Fast File Download

      Specifications

      • Dimension: 3.89Lx1.29Wx0.51H

      Pros

      • High-quality sound recording
      • Large storage capacity
      • Voice activation reduces blank and whispering snippets
      • Multi-usage as voice recorder, USB flash drive, and MP3 player
      • Fast file transfer to computers

      Cons

      • Delay in recording start
      • No control over recording volume
      • Buttons may not always respond

      The 64GB Digital Voice Recorder for Lectures Meetings is a versatile recording device that offers impressive sound quality and a large storage capacity. It is packed with useful features like voice activation and file management. While it may have some minor drawbacks like a delay in recording start and limited control over recording volume, overall, it provides great value for its price. Whether you’re a student, teacher, writer, or businessperson, this voice recorder is a reliable companion for capturing important lectures, meetings, and interviews.

      Overall Score: 8.6/10

      The 72GB Digital Voice Recorder by aiworth is a feature-rich recording device that offers high-quality sound. With dual-mic PCM recording, it captures clear voice recordings. It has a large memory capacity of 72GB, including 8GB built-in flash memory and a 64GB TF card. The recorder also features a long-lasting battery that allows for up to 45 hours of continuous recording. It is easy to use with a simple design and offers lifetime software upgrade service. The power-on password protection ensures the safety of your recorded files. With variable play speed and A-B repeat function, this voice recorder is versatile. Overall, it is a well-made device that makes an excellent gift.

      Key Features

      • 1536Kbps dual-mic PCM High quality recording
      • 72GB(8+64) memory and high capacity battery
      • Simple designed, easy to use
      • Power-on password protection
      • Variable Play Speed

      Specifications

      • Color: Grey
      • Dimension: 3.81Lx1.25Wx0.49H

      Pros

      • High-quality recording
      • Large memory capacity
      • Long battery life
      • User-friendly design
      • Power-on password protection
      • Variable play speed

      Cons

      • Loudspeaker may malfunction
      • No automatic saving to SD card
      • Sensitive microphone picks up background noise

      The 72GB Digital Voice Recorder by aiworth is a reliable and feature-packed device. It offers high-quality recording with its dual-mic PCM technology. The large memory capacity and long battery life make it suitable for long recording sessions. The user-friendly design and lifetime software upgrade service add convenience. However, the loudspeaker may have some issues, and the lack of automatic saving to the SD card can be a drawback. Overall, this voice recorder is a great value for its price and functionality. Whether you need it for lectures or meetings, it delivers clear and reliable recordings.

      Overall Score: 9.2/10

      The Sony Digital Voice Recorder UX Series is a versatile and feature-packed device that allows you to capture high-quality audio recordings. With its built-in 4 GB flash memory, you can enjoy up to 39.75 hours of maximum recording time. It also features a USB Direct-PC and Mac compatibility, as well as a memory card expansion slot for additional storage. The track mark function makes it easy to locate important recording segments, while the high sensitivity s-microphone ensures clear and accurate sound capture. The package includes a NeeGo Lavalier Lapel Mic and a NeeGo micro SD card 32GB. Whether you need it for lectures, meetings, or other applications, this Sony voice recorder delivers excellent performance and ease of use.

      Key Features

      • Built-in 4 GB flash memory – Up to 39.75 Hours of maximum recording time
      • USB Direct-PC & Mac compatibility & Memory Card Expansion Slot (micro SD/SD HC/M2)
      • Track Mark function to locate important recording segments
      • Record in MP3/LPCM with a high sensitivity s-microphone
      • What You Get: IC Recorder, Operating Instructions, Warranty card, A Nee Go Lavalier Lapel Mic, Plus a Nee Go micro SD card 32GB

      Specifications

      • N/A

      Pros

      • Excellent audio quality with high sensitivity microphone
      • Easy to use and navigate menus
      • Long battery life and quick recording start
      • Includes a Lavalier Lapel Mic and a micro SD card

      Cons

      • Limited compatibility with Mac
      • Menu system requires user input for folder selection

      The Sony Digital Voice Recorder UX Series is a highly recommended choice for anyone in need of a reliable and feature-rich voice recorder. It offers excellent audio quality, long battery life, and easy-to-use controls. The included accessories, such as the Lavalier Lapel Mic and micro SD card, add great value to the package. While Mac users may experience limited compatibility, this recorder excels in terms of performance and versatility. Whether you’re a student, professional, or hobbyist, this Sony voice recorder is a fantastic investment.

      Overall Score: 7/10

      The Dictopro Digital Voice Activated Recorder is a small and portable handheld dictaphone that is perfect for recording important information. It features voice activation, automatic noise reduction, and a highly sensitive microphone. With password protection, you can be confident that your data is secure. The recorder has a storage capacity of 8GB and can record up to 582 hours. It is easy to transfer files to your devices with USB. The Dictopro X200 is durable, made with a metal construction, and can fit in any pocket without being noticed. It is ideal for meetings, lectures, and note-taking.

      Key Features

      • Small and portable handheld dictaphone
      • Voice activation and automatic noise reduction
      • Highly sensitive microphone for clear recordings up to 60 feet away
      • Password protection for secure data
      • 8GB storage capacity with up to 582 hours of recording
      • Easy file transfer with USB

      Specifications

      • Color: Black
      • Dimension: 1.02Lx0.36Wx3.15H

      Pros

      • Small and portable
      • Highly sensitive microphone
      • Automatic noise reduction
      • Password protection
      • Large storage capacity

      Cons

      • Not voice activated as described
      • Difficult navigation with small buttons
      • Limited documentation
      • Weak sound quality

      The Dictopro Digital Voice Activated Recorder is a compact and powerful device that offers great recording capabilities. It is perfect for capturing important information during meetings, lectures, and classes. The voice activation feature saves time and memory, while the sensitive microphone ensures clear and accurate recordings. The password protection adds an extra layer of security to your data. However, the device falls short in terms of voice activation functionality, button navigation, and sound quality. Overall, if you are in need of a portable and reliable voice recorder, the Dictopro X200 is a good option.

      Overall Score: 8.5/10

      The 64GB Digital Voice Recorder by Wohlman is a powerful audio recording device that is perfect for lectures, meetings, and other important events. With its sensitive microphone and professional recording IC, it provides high-quality recording up to 1536Kbps PCM. The recorder has a large capacity of 64GB, allowing you to store up to 4880 hours of recording files. It also features a built-in rechargeable battery that provides up to 25 hours of continuous recording. The device is easy to use, with a one-key recording function and easy file management. It even has a power-on password protection feature to keep your recordings secure. With its compact size and lightweight design, this recorder is portable and convenient to carry around. Overall, the 64GB Digital Voice Recorder is a reliable and versatile device for all your recording needs.

      Key Features

      • 1536Kbps PCM High Quality Recording
      • 64GB Memory Capacity
      • 25H Battery Time
      • Power-on Password Protection
      • Tape Recorder Portable
      • Easy Management of Recording Files
      • Voice Activated Recorder
      • Recording Timing Controller

      Specifications

      • Color: V64

      Pros

      • High-quality recording
      • Large storage capacity
      • Long battery life
      • Password protection
      • Portable and compact
      • Easy file management
      • Voice activated recording
      • Recording timing controller

      Cons

      • Clunky user interface
      • Small screen and buttons
      • Hard-to-follow instructions

      The 64GB Digital Voice Recorder by Wohlman offers impressive functionality and performance. With its high-quality recording capabilities, large storage capacity, and long battery life, it is a reliable device for capturing important audio. The power-on password protection feature adds an extra layer of security to your recordings, while its portable and compact design makes it convenient to carry around. However, the user interface can be clunky, and the small screen and buttons may be a drawback for some users. Additionally, the instructions can be hard to follow. Despite these minor flaws, the Wohlman Digital Voice Recorder is a great choice for students, professionals, and anyone in need of a reliable recording device.

      Overall Score: 8/10

      The 64GB TCTEC Keychain Voice Recorder is a practical and versatile device that can function as both a keychain and a recorder. Its compact size allows for easy portability, making it ideal for taking on the go. With 64GB of storage, it can hold up to 750 hours of recording files, and the new battery provides up to 15 hours of continuous recording. The device is also user-friendly, with simple one-button operation and a headphone jack for playback. It features high-quality sound recording with noise reduction technology and voice activation. Additionally, it offers USB-C connectivity for easy file transfer to your computer. The 64GB TCTEC Keychain Voice Recorder makes for a perfect gift and is suitable for various professional settings such as meetings, interviews, and lectures.

      Key Features

      • Light and practical design
      • 64GB storage capacity
      • Long battery life
      • Easy to use with one-button operation
      • High-quality recording sound
      • Voice activation feature
      • USB-C connection for easy file transfer
      • Perfect gift for loved ones

      Specifications

      • Dimension: 0.35Lx0.80Wx2.60H

      Pros

      • Compact and portable design
      • Ample storage capacity
      • Long battery life
      • High-quality audio recording
      • User-friendly operation
      • Voice-activated mode for power and time-saving
      • Easy file transfer with USB-C connectivity
      • Ideal gift for professionals

      Cons

      • Metal casing may cause vibration noise in recordings
      • File format is stored as compressed WAV
      • Inability to change date/time

      The 64GB TCTEC Keychain Voice Recorder is a versatile and practical device that offers an excellent combination of portability, storage capacity, and audio quality. Its compact size and keychain design make it easy to carry around, while the 64GB storage ensures ample space for all your recordings. The long battery life and user-friendly operation further enhance its usability. The high-quality recording sound and voice activation feature provide clear and noise-free audio. Although there are minor drawbacks such as the possibility of vibration noise and the file format being compressed WAV, overall, this device makes for a reliable and convenient option for various recording needs. Whether it’s for professional use or as a thoughtful gift, the 64GB TCTEC Keychain Voice Recorder is a recommended choice.

      Voice Recorder Mic Buyer's Guide

      Whether you're a journalist conducting interviews, a musician capturing your creative process, or a student recording lectures, a voice recorder mic can greatly enhance the quality of your recordings. With so many options available, it can be overwhelming to choose the right one. Fear not! We've put together this comprehensive buyer's guide to help you find the perfect voice recorder mic for your needs. So, without further ado, let's dive into the world of audio excellence!

      Factors to Consider

      When shopping for a voice recorder mic, keep the following factors in mind to make an informed decision:

      1. Type of Microphone:
        • Dynamic Microphones: Ideal for loud environments and live performances due to their durability and ability to handle high sound pressure levels.
        • Condenser Microphones: Provide superior audio quality and sensitivity, making them perfect for studio recordings and capturing nuances.
        • Lavalier Microphones: Clip-on microphones that can be discreetly attached to clothing, suitable for interviews and presentations.
      2. Connectivity Options:
        • USB: Convenient for connecting directly to your computer or laptop, suitable for podcasting and voiceovers.
        • XLR: Offers better audio quality and compatibility with professional audio equipment, preferred for professional recordings and live performances.
      3. Recording Pattern:
        • Cardioid: Records sound from the front while rejecting background noise, ideal for solo recordings and reducing unwanted sound.
        • Omnidirectional: Captures sound from all directions, making it suitable for group recordings and capturing ambient sounds.
        • Bidirectional: Picks up sound from the front and back, useful for interviews and two-person recordings.
      4. Portability:
        • Handheld: Compact and easy to carry, great for capturing interviews and on-the-go recordings.
        • Pocket-sized: Extremely portable and perfect for discreet recordings or when you have limited space.
      5. Compatibility:
        • Ensure that the microphone you choose is compatible with your intended recording device, whether it's a smartphone, camera, computer, or dedicated voice recorder.
      6. Accessories:
        • Pop filters: Reduce plosive sounds (such as "P" and "B" sounds) to improve recording clarity.
        • Shock mounts: Minimize handling noise and vibrations, resulting in cleaner recordings.
        • Windscreens: Protect the microphone from wind noise when recording outdoors.

      Frequently Asked Questions about 12 Best Voice Recorder Mic For 2023

      What makes a good voice recorder mic?

      A good voice recorder mic should have reliable audio quality, match your recording needs, and offer convenient connectivity options.

      Can I use a regular smartphone headset as a voice recorder mic?

      While smartphone headsets can capture audio, the quality might not be as good as dedicated voice recorder mics, and they may not offer the same versatility or professional features.

      Can I connect a USB voice recorder mic to a smartphone?

      Some USB voice recorder mics are compatible with smartphones, but check the specifications and ensure your phone supports USB audio input before making a purchase.

      Are wireless voice recorder mics better than wired ones?

      It depends on your specific requirements. Wireless mics offer more freedom of movement but may have limitations in range and potential interference. Wired mics are usually more reliable and have a consistent signal.

      Do I need an external voice recorder mic for my computer or laptop?

      While many computers have built-in microphones, an external voice recorder mic can significantly improve sound quality, especially for professional recordings or if you frequently participate in video conferences or presentations.