Are you in the market for a new custom PC case? Look no further as we bring you the ultimate guide to the 11 best custom PC cases for 2023. Whether you are a hardcore gamer, a creative professional, or simply someone who wants a sleek and stylish setup, finding the right PC case is essential. Our expert content writers have researched and meticulously curated this list to help you make an informed decision. From innovative designs to superior cooling systems, these custom PC cases offer it all. Get ready to elevate your computing experience to new heights with the top choices for 2023.
Overall Score: 7/10
The KEDIERS PC Case – ATX Tower Tempered Glass Gaming Computer Open Frame Case with 7 ARGB Fans, C570, is a powerful PC case designed for gaming enthusiasts. It features seven pre-installed RGB fans that provide excellent cooling and maintain low GPU temperatures. The case is equipped with two 4mm thick tempered glass panels, allowing you to showcase your components and create a vibrant gaming atmosphere. The tower case supports ATX, Micro-ATX, and Mini-ITX motherboards and offers convenient I/O ports, including USB 3.0 and USB 2.0 ports. Despite its impressive features, the case has some drawbacks, such as nonstandard fans and spacing issues with radiators. Overall, the KEDIERS PC Case – ATX Tower Tempered Glass Gaming Computer Open Frame Case with 7 ARGB Fans, C570, is a visually appealing option for gamers looking for a budget-friendly case with solid performance.
Key Features
- Powerful cooling with pre-installed RGB fans
- 2 tempered glass panels for aesthetic display
- Sync RGB with computer software/remote control/RGB buttons
- Convenient I/O panel with USB ports and audio
- Supports ATX/Micro-ATX/Mini-ITX motherboards
Specifications
- Color: White
- Dimension: 19.69Lx10.63Wx20.47H
- Size: C570
Pros
- Powerful cooling with 7 RGB fans
- Visually appealing with tempered glass panels
- Flexible RGB control options
- Convenient I/O panel
- Supports various motherboard sizes
Cons
- Nonstandard fans and spacing issues with radiators
- Limited space for top-mounted 240mm AIO
- Dust filters not magnetic
- Fans at the bottom unused
- Build quality and tolerance issues
The KEDIERS PC Case – ATX Tower Tempered Glass Gaming Computer Open Frame Case with 7 ARGB Fans, C570, offers powerful cooling and an aesthetically pleasing design for gamers on a budget. While it has some minor drawbacks, such as nonstandard fans and spacing issues, the case provides excellent value for its price. It is an ideal choice for users who prioritize visual appeal and flexibility in RGB customization. With its convenient I/O panel and compatibility with various motherboard sizes, the KEDIERS C570 is a solid option for those looking to build a gaming PC with impressive cooling capabilities.
Overall Score: 8/10
The Raidmax i403 is a high-performance mid tower PC case designed for gamers. It features a tempered glass panel with mesh front for optimal airflow. With its 3 ARGB fans, the case provides excellent cooling while offering a stunning view of the RGB lighting effects. The ARGB lighting system can be easily controlled via the button on the I/O panel. The case also includes a tempered glass side panel for a panoramic view of your gaming hardware. It comes with optimized airflow and a magnetic dust filter for additional thermal support. The i403 is a well-built and affordable option for gamers and PC enthusiasts.
Key Features
- Tempered Glass with Mesh Front Panel
- X3 120mm ARGB Fans
- ARGB Lighting System
- Tempered Glass PC Case Side Panel
- Optimized Airflow with Magnetic Dust Filter
Specifications
- Color: I403
Pros
- Stylish tempered glass design with mesh front panel
- 3 addressable RGB fans for excellent cooling
- Easy-to-manage ARGB lighting system
- Panoramic view of gaming hardware through tempered glass side panel
- Optimized airflow and magnetic dust filter for improved cooling
Cons
- Inadequate packaging
- Limited support for certain motherboard features
- Compatibility issues with larger components
- Misleading description and image on the number of fans
Overall, the Raidmax i403 is a solid mid tower PC case that offers a sleek design, impressive cooling capabilities, and customizable RGB lighting. While it may have some minor flaws, such as inadequate packaging and compatibility issues, its affordable price and stylish features make it a worthwhile option for budget-conscious gamers and PC enthusiasts. With its optimized airflow and magnetic dust filter, the i403 provides reliable thermal support, ensuring your components stay cool during intense gaming sessions. Whether you’re a casual gamer or a hardcore enthusiast, this case delivers on both aesthetics and performance.
Overall Score: 8/10
The MOROVOL PC Case is a feature-packed gaming computer case with a striking design. It comes pre-installed with 4 RGB fans that provide excellent airflow and cooling. The case features a diamond-shaped mesh front panel for optimal cooling and lighting effects. The tempered glass side panel adds a touch of beauty and allows for easy installation of internal components. It supports ATX / Micro-ATX / Mini-ITX motherboards and can accommodate GPUs up to 300mm, PSUs up to 160mm, and CPU coolers up to 155mm. The I/O panel provides convenient access to USB 3.0 and USB 2.0 ports, as well as HD audio and microphone ports. With its affordable price and impressive features, the MOROVOL PC Case is a great choice for gamers and enthusiasts.
Key Features
- 4 pre-installed RGB fans for enhanced cooling
- Removable tempered glass side panel for easy installation
- Supports ATX / Micro-ATX / Mini-ITX motherboards
- Optimal airflow with diamond mesh front panel
- Convenient I/O panel with USB 3.0 and USB 2.0 ports
- Affordable price for high-performance chassis
Specifications
Pros
- Pre-installed RGB fans provide excellent airflow and cooling
- Removable tempered glass side panel for easy installation
- Supports various motherboard sizes
- Optimal airflow with diamond mesh front panel
- Convenient I/O panel with fast USB 3.0 port
- Affordable price for high-performance chassis
Cons
- RGB lighting is fixed, not addressable
- Metal is fairly thin and may strip easily
- Limited space for cable management
- Fans are molex-connected instead of fan connections
The MOROVOL PC Case is a cost-effective choice for gamers and enthusiasts. With its pre-installed RGB fans and diamond mesh front panel, it offers excellent airflow and cooling performance. The removable tempered glass side panel adds both beauty and convenience to the case. It supports various motherboard sizes and provides a convenient I/O panel with fast USB 3.0 port. While the RGB lighting is fixed and the metal is fairly thin, these are minor drawbacks considering the affordable price of the chassis. Overall, the MOROVOL PC Case is a great option for those looking for a stylish and capable gaming computer case.
Overall Score: 8.5/10
MUSETEX PC CASE E-ATX Pre-Install 4 PWM ARGB Fans & 2 Side Fans is a high-performance gaming computer case that offers both a visual experience and a first-class installation experience. With its high configuration and cost efficiency, this PC case ensures strong cooling performance with its pre-installed 4 PWM ARGB fans and 2 side fans. The case also features a 270° fully transparent dual tempered glass panel, providing a wider field of view to display high-end PC hardware. It supports GPU up to 420mm, CPU cooling height up to 176mm, and top mounting up to 360mm liquid RAD. The case is designed with practicality and viewability in mind, featuring a rectangular structure body, highly translucent tempered glass panels, and innovative air duct design. With good heat dissipation and customizable RGB lighting, this case offers a great gaming experience.
Key Features
- Pre-installed 4 PWM ARGB fans & 2 black side fans
- Large case installation space
- 270° fully transparent dual tempered glass panel
- Supports GPU up to 420mm & CPU cooling height up to 176mm
- Supports top mounting up to 360mm liquid RAD
- Upgrade High-Speed IO Panel with 2 USB 3.0 and TYPE-C interfaces
- Adjustable speed ARGB fans for customizable lighting
- Innovative air duct design for improved cooling
- Rectangular structure body with highly translucent tempered glass panels
- Magnetic dust filter at the top and power supply dust filter at the bottom
Specifications
- Color: Black
- Dimension: 16.57Lx9.06Wx18.05H
Pros
- Strong cooling performance with pre-installed fans
- Wider field of view with dual tempered glass panel
- High hardware compatibility
- Customizable RGB lighting
- Practical and elegant design
Cons
- Cable management is a bit tight
- Fans use a 5-pin connection, limiting customization options
- Fans with molex power connectors
The MUSETEX PC CASE E-ATX Pre-Install 4 PWM ARGB Fans & 2 Side Fans is a high-performance gaming computer case that offers excellent cooling performance, a wide field of view, and customizable RGB lighting. With its large installation space and high hardware compatibility, it provides a great platform for gaming enthusiasts to build their dream PCs. The case’s practical and elegant design, along with its innovative air duct design, ensures efficient heat dissipation and a comfortable gaming environment. However, the tight cable management and limited customization options for the pre-installed fans can be a drawback for some users. Overall, this PC case offers great value for its price and is a solid choice for gamers looking for a high-performance and visually appealing case.
Overall Score: 8.5/10
The MUSETEX G07 ATX PC Case is designed to meet the high configuration needs of customers. With 6 pre-installed PWM ARGB fans and double tempered glass panels, this case not only provides exceptional cooling and airflow but also offers a stunning showcase for your hardware components. It supports ATX/Micro ATX/Mini ITX motherboards and is equipped with 2 USB 3.0 ports for seamless connectivity. The case is built with attention to detail, including magnetic dust filters, customizable fan mounts, and sponge pads for reduced vibration. With its blend of style and functionality, the MUSETEX G07 will elevate your PC setup to new heights.
Key Features
- Pre-installed 6 High Cost PWM ARGB Fans
- Newly Created Premium Design
- Freedom To Build A Personalized Computer
- Simple And Smart IO Panel
- Loyal To Quality And Good At Details
- Unleash Your Creativity
- No Risk Of Purchase
Specifications
- Color: Black
- Dimension: 15.28Lx8.86Wx18.43H
Pros
- Exceptional cooling and airflow
- Stylish design with double tempered glass panels
- Supports various motherboard sizes
- Convenient IO panel with USB 3.0 ports
- Attention to detail with magnetic dust filters and customizable fan mounts
- Great customer service
Cons
- Some customers reported broken glass upon delivery
- Fans may have issues with lighting or airflow
- Limited space for GPU maneuvering
- PSU installation can be tight
The MUSETEX G07 ATX PC Case offers exceptional value for its price. While there may be some minor drawbacks, such as the occasional quality issue or fan performance, overall it provides excellent cooling, customization options, and a stylish design. It is backed by attentive customer service, ensuring a positive experience. Whether you’re a gamer, content creator, or tech enthusiast, this case will meet your needs and exceed your expectations. Don’t miss out on the opportunity to elevate your PC setup to new heights with the MUSETEX G07.
Overall Score: 8.5/10
The MUSETEX Y6 PC Case offers a great gaming experience with its visual and setup capabilities. It comes with 5 pre-installed PWM ARGB fans, featuring a unique anti-leaf suction design for efficient heat dissipation. The case stands out with its 270° fully transparent dual tempered glass panels, providing a wider field of view to display high-end PC hardware. It offers strong compatibility, with support for GPU up to 400mm, CPU height up to 176mm, and top mounting for a 360mm liquid cooler. The case also includes high-speed IO expansion interfaces, customizable ARGB lighting, and practical design features like magnetic dust filters. With its elegant design and reliable performance, the MUSETEX Y6 PC Case is an excellent choice for gamers and PC enthusiasts.
Key Features
- 5 pre-installed PWM ARGB fans
- 270° fully transparent tempered glass panels
- Powerful space layout for easy installation
- High-speed IO expansion interface for faster connections
- Excellent heat dissipation with adjustable fans
- Practical and ornamental coexistence with elegant design
- Detail-oriented design with innovative air ducts and magnetic dust filters
Specifications
- Color: White
- Dimension: 16.54Lx14.49Wx11.61H
Pros
- Great cable management space
- High-quality build
- Ample room for components
- Comes with 5 high-quality fans
- Elegant and attractive design
- Easy-to-clean magnetic dust filters
Cons
- Limited availability of matching fans
- Some cable routing challenges with full ATX motherboards
The MUSETEX Y6 PC Case offers an excellent choice for gamers and PC enthusiasts who want a visually appealing and functional case. With its 270° fully transparent tempered glass panels, it provides a wide field of view to showcase high-end hardware. The case’s powerful space layout allows for easy installation and customization. It features high-speed IO expansion interfaces, adjustable ARGB fans for optimal cooling, and practical design details for enhanced performance. Some potential downsides include limited availability of matching fans and cable routing challenges with full ATX motherboards. Overall, the MUSETEX Y6 PC Case is a solid option that combines aesthetics and functionality.
Overall Score: 8/10
The KEDIERS PC Case is a powerful and stylish ATX Mid Tower gaming computer case. It features a unique open frame design with 2 tempered glass panels, allowing for impressive RGB lighting and easy component display. The case comes pre-installed with 7 RGB dual light ring LED fans, ensuring excellent cooling performance. It also offers synchronizable RGB lighting via motherboard for customizable effects. With its I/O Panel and remarkable expansion options, including support for high-end GPUs, this case is suitable for gamers and PC enthusiasts. The KEDIERS PC Case delivers a great balance of aesthetics and functionality.
Key Features
- Powerful cooling system with 7 RGB fans
- 2 tempered glass panels for impressive RGB lighting
- Synchronizable RGB lighting via motherboard
- Convenient I/O Panel with various ports
- Remarkable expansion options for high-end GPUs
Specifications
- Color: Red
- Dimension: 19.69Lx10.63Wx20.47H
- Size: C570
Pros
- Powerful cooling performance
- Stylish and impressive RGB lighting
- Easy to showcase components
- Compatible with various motherboards
- Plenty of expansion options
Cons
- Limited space for water cooling
- Higher price point
- Questionable quality control
The KEDIERS PC Case is a visually stunning and highly functional gaming computer case. It offers excellent cooling performance with its 7 RGB fans and showcases your components beautifully with its tempered glass panels. The synchronizable RGB lighting adds a customizable touch, and the convenient I/O Panel provides easy access to ports. While the case delivers on aesthetics and expansion options, it does have some drawbacks, including limited room for water cooling, a higher price point, and concerns about quality control. Overall, if you’re looking for a striking and reliable case for your gaming setup, the KEDIERS PC Case is definitely worth considering.
Overall Score: 8.5/10
The GIM Micro ATX PC Case is a stylish and functional computer case that offers a hinged panoramic side-view tempered glass panel, a double dustproof design on the front panel, a spacious interior, and a powerful cooling system. The tempered glass side panel is equipped with a pull ring and magnets, making it easy to install PC components and display ornaments. The double dustproof design prevents dust from entering the case, while still allowing you to observe the RGB lighting effects. The spacious interior supports micro ATX/mini ITX motherboards, multiple fans and liquid coolers, and various storage and GPU options. With its top and bottom magnetic dust filters, this case keeps your components clean and dust-free. Overall, the GIM Micro ATX PC Case is a versatile and efficient choice for gamers and PC enthusiasts.
Key Features
- Hinged panoramic side-view tempered glass
- Double dustproof design on the front panel
- Spacious interior with multiple storage and GPU options
- Powerful cooling system with support for multiple fans
- 2 PCS magnetic dust filters
Specifications
- Color: Black Glass-GM4
- Dimension: 14.37Lx8.27Wx16.61H
- Size: 14.37 x 8.27 x 16.61 inches
Pros
- Stylish design with tempered glass panel
- Effective dustproof design
- Ample room for PC components and storage
- Excellent cooling system
- Easy maintenance with magnetic dust filters
Cons
- Subpar front airflow
- Limited cable management room
The GIM Micro ATX PC Case is a fantastic choice for gamers and PC enthusiasts. It offers a sleek design with a hinged tempered glass panel, effective dustproofing, ample room for components and storage, and a powerful cooling system. While the front airflow could be improved and cable management may be a bit challenging, these minor drawbacks do not overshadow the case’s overall performance and functionality. With its magnetic dust filters and easy installation process, this case ensures that your PC components remain clean and dust-free. Overall, the GIM Micro ATX PC Case provides an excellent balance of aesthetics, functionality, and affordability, making it a great investment for any PC build.
Overall Score: 7.5/10
The AMANSON ATX PC Case is a cost-effective and visually striking gaming case with a unique design. It offers a large space to meet your assembly needs and features three 4mm tempered glass panels for a stunning visual impact. The screw-free design and magnetic side door make assembly convenient. The case is equipped with a powerful cooling system and can accommodate up to 10 ARGB 120mm fans. It supports various motherboard sizes and has top I/O panel for easy access. The H07 case also provides excellent cable management, allowing for a clean and organized interior. Overall, this case exceeds expectations and elevates your PC setup to new heights.
Key Features
- Unique design with 3 tempered glass panels
- Screw-free and magnetic side door for easy assembly
- Powerful cooling system with support for 10 ARGB fans
- Compatible with various motherboard sizes
- Convenient top I/O panel
- Excellent cable management
Specifications
- Color: H07
- Dimension: 19.69Lx13.78Wx19.69H
Pros
- Visually striking design
- Convenient screw-free and magnetic side door
- Powerful cooling system
- Versatile compatibility
- Convenient top I/O panel
- Excellent cable management
Cons
- Fans not included
- Limited compatibility with full ATX motherboards
- Lack of dust filters
- Challenging cable management
The AMANSON ATX PC Case is a cost-effective and visually impressive option for gamers. It offers a unique design with three tempered glass panels, convenient assembly features, and a powerful cooling system. While it has some limitations, such as compatibility with full ATX motherboards and the absence of dust filters, it provides excellent cable management and a convenient top I/O panel. Overall, this case delivers on both style and functionality, making it a great choice for those looking to elevate their PC setup. Just keep in mind that additional fans need to be purchased separately.
Overall Score: 8/10
The Tongluoye Fantasy Colorful Mushrooms Laptop Travel Bag is a fun and fashionable laptop bag designed specifically for women. Made of premium neoprene material, this bag is durable, waterproof, and easy to clean. It features a large main compartment with padded lining to comfortably fit laptops of various sizes, along with other essential accessories. The bag also has multiple neatly organized pockets for keeping your belongings organized. With its stylish design, this laptop bag is suitable for college students, professionals, and anyone on the go. It can be used for various occasions such as work, school, travel, and more. The Tongluoye Fantasy Colorful Mushrooms Laptop Travel Bag makes for a great gift as well.
Key Features
- Made of premium neoprene material
- Large main padded laptop compartment
- Fashionable and personalized custom design
- Neatly organized interior lining with good protection
- Versatile usage for on-the-go essentials
- Ideal gift for various occasions
Specifications
- Color: Fantasy Colorful Mushrooms
- Dimension: 15.50Lx0.80Wx11.60H
- Size: 15inch
Pros
- Durable and waterproof material
- Ample storage space with organized pockets
- Stylish design suitable for different occasions
- Good protection against accidental damages
- Versatile usage for various essential items
Cons
- Size may not fit all laptop models
- Limited color options available
The Tongluoye Fantasy Colorful Mushrooms Laptop Travel Bag is a trendy and functional accessory for women. With its high-quality construction, spacious compartments, and stylish design, it offers both durability and convenience. The bag provides reliable protection for your laptop and other essentials while keeping them well-organized. Whether you’re a student, professional, or traveler, this versatile bag is suitable for various occasions. The only downsides are the limited color options and the possibility of compatibility issues with larger laptops. Overall, this laptop bag is a great choice for those looking for a practical and fashionable option. It also makes for a thoughtful and useful gift.
Overall Score: 8.6/10
The SZSKYING Gaming PC Case is a fantastic choice for gamers looking for a PC case that offers excellent airflow and a stunning design. With its 10 pre-installed RGB fans and three-dimensional air duct, this case provides efficient heat dissipation and high volume airflow. It is compatible with ATX, Micro-ATX, and Mini ITX motherboards, and supports large-capacity installations with multiple HDD and SSD slots. The case features a transparent tempered glass front panel and a full-size tempered glass left side panel, allowing you to showcase the cool ARGB fans and internal components. The convenient top ports provide easy access to USB, audio, and microphone/earphone ports. With its quick problem-solving guarantee, this gaming case ensures a worry-free purchase experience. The SZSKYING Gaming PC Case is a reliable and stylish choice for gamers seeking a high-performance case.
Key Features
- RGB Strong Cooling System with 10PCS 120MM New Design RGB Diamond Ring Pre-Installed Fans
- Great Compatibility with ATX, Micro-ATX, and Mini ITX motherboards
- Unique Design with Transparent Tempered Glass Panels
- Convenient Ports with USB 3.0, USB 2.0, and Audio/Microphone/Earphone Port
- Quick Problem Solve Guarantee for hassle-free purchase experience
Specifications
- Color: Black
- Dimension: 16.80Lx11.00Wx16.40H
Pros
- Excellent RGB cooling system with 10 pre-installed fans
- Provides efficient heat dissipation and high volume airflow
- Stylish design with transparent tempered glass panels
- Convenient top ports for easy access to USB and audio
- Quick problem-solving guarantee for peace of mind
Cons
- Some users experienced issues with fans not spinning properly
- Missing accessories such as magnetic filter and rubber grommet
- Flimsy steel frame and non-captive thumbscrews for the glass
- Limited HDD and SSD slots
The SZSKYING Gaming PC Case is a solid choice for gamers looking for a high-performance case with excellent cooling capabilities and a stylish design. With its 10 pre-installed RGB fans and efficient heat dissipation system, this case ensures optimal airflow and keeps your components cool during intense gaming sessions. The transparent tempered glass panels add a touch of elegance and allow you to showcase your ARGB fans and internal components. The convenient top ports and quick problem-solving guarantee provide added convenience and peace of mind. However, some users reported issues with fan functionality and missing accessories. Overall, the SZSKYING Gaming PC Case offers great value for its price and is a worthy addition to any gaming setup.
Buyer's Guide: Custom PC Case
Custom PC cases offer a fantastic opportunity to create a personalized and unique computer setup. Whether you're a dedicated gamer or a professional designer, finding the perfect custom PC case requires careful consideration. To help you in this exciting journey, here is a comprehensive buyer's guide on custom PC cases:
1. Consider the Motherboard Form Factor
- ATX (Advanced Technology Extended): The most common form factor, suitable for standard-sized motherboards.
- Micro-ATX: Compact yet flexible, perfect for smaller cases without compromising on functionality.
- Mini-ITX: The smallest form factor, ideal for mini PCs or if you have limited space.
2. Size Matters
- Full Tower: The largest option, providing ample space for multiple drives, liquid cooling systems, and expansion cards.
- Mid Tower: A popular choice, striking a balance between space-saving and accommodating essential components.
- Mini Tower: A compact option designed for those with limited space or specific aesthetic preferences.
3. Airflow and Cooling
- Front and Rear Fans: Cases with pre-installed fans often improve airflow and cooling performance.
- Liquid Cooling Support: Consider a case that supports liquid cooling systems if you require enhanced heat dissipation.
- Ventilation Options: Look for cases with mesh fronts or side panels to promote efficient airflow.
4. Expansion and Drive Bays
- PCIe Slots: Ensure the case provides enough expansion slots for additional graphics cards or accessories.
- HDD and SSD Bays: Consider the number of drive bays to accommodate your storage requirements.
- Hot Swap Bays: Some cases offer hot-swapping capability for convenience and quick drive replacements.
5. Cable Management
- Routing Channels: Cases equipped with routing channels simplify cable management and maintain clean aesthetics.
- Cable Compartments: Built-in compartments offer dedicated spaces for hiding and managing cables.
- Rubber Grommets: Strategically placed rubber grommets help route cables neatly and reduce cable clutter.
6. Aesthetics and Customization
- Windowed Side Panel: Cases with windowed side panels allow you to showcase your internal components and custom lighting setups.
- RGB Lighting Support: Consider cases with built-in RGB lighting or customizable options if you desire an eye-catching visual experience.
- Detachable Dust Filters: Removable dust filters prevent dust accumulation, ensuring a clean and visually appealing case.
7. Ports and Connectivity
- USB Ports: Check the number and types of USB ports available, ensuring compatibility with your peripherals.
- Audio and Mic Jacks: Verify the presence and accessibility of audio and microphone jacks.
- Card Readers: Some cases offer built-in card readers for convenient access to various types of memory cards.
8. Build Quality and Durability
- Material: Choose a case made from sturdy materials like steel or aluminum for long-lasting durability.
- Panel Thickness: Thicker panels can provide better noise isolation and prevent vibrations.
- Tool-less Design: Some cases feature tool-less assembly, making installation and upgrades hassle-free.
Frequently Asked Questions about 11 Best Custom PC Case For 2023
Yes, you can swap your custom PC components to a new case if your components are compatible.
No, not all cases are compatible with liquid cooling systems. Ensure the case you choose specifically mentions support for liquid cooling.
Check the specifications of your motherboard or consult the manufacturer’s website to determine the form factor, such as ATX, Micro-ATX, or Mini-ITX.
Cable management features help organize and conceal cables, improving airflow for better cooling performance and creating a visually pleasing setup.
Full Tower cases are generally larger and may not be suitable if you have limited space. Consider opting for a Mid Tower or Mini Tower case instead.
