Introducing the 12 Best SD Card Nintendo Switch for 2023. As the gaming industry continues to evolve, the demand for larger and faster storage options for consoles like the Nintendo Switch is on the rise. With an abundance of options available in the market, finding the perfect SD card can be overwhelming. However, fear not, as we have compiled a list of the absolute best SD cards for your Nintendo Switch in 2023. These top-notch choices not only offer ample storage space but also boast impressive speed and reliability, ensuring a seamless gaming experience for avid Nintendo enthusiasts. Get ready to level up your storage game with these 12 stellar SD card options.
Overall Score: 9/10
Upgrade your Nintendo Switch with the SanDisk 128GB microSDXC-Card. This officially licensed card provides incredible speeds with read speeds up to 100MB/s and write speeds up to 90MB/s. With 128GB of storage, you can store all your downloaded games, screenshots, and video captures in one convenient place. It is compact, travel-friendly, and perfect for gamers on the go. The card is designed specifically for the Nintendo Switch and Nintendo Switch Lite systems, ensuring compatibility and optimal performance. With its red color and compact design, it seamlessly integrates with your gaming setup. Overall, the SanDisk 128GB microSDXC-Card offers impressive storage capacity, fast speeds, and reliability for Nintendo Switch gamers.
Key Features
- Officially licensed for Nintendo Switch
- Read speeds up to 100MB/s and write speeds up to 90MB/s
- Instantly add up to 128GB of storage
- Compact and travel-friendly design
- Compatible with Nintendo Switch and Nintendo Switch Lite
Specifications
- Color: Red
- Dimension: 0.40Lx0.60Wx0.50H
- Size: 128GB
Pros
- Fast transfer speeds
- Ample storage capacity
- Officially licensed for Nintendo Switch
- Compact and portable design
- Easy to install and use
Cons
- Relatively expensive compared to other options
- Limited storage capacity for heavy gamers
The SanDisk 128GB microSDXC-Card is a reliable and high-performance storage solution for Nintendo Switch gamers. With fast transfer speeds, ample storage capacity, and compatibility with the Nintendo Switch and Nintendo Switch Lite, it delivers on its promises. The officially licensed card ensures optimal performance and peace of mind. While it may be relatively expensive compared to other options, its quality and reliability make it worth the investment. Its compact and portable design allows for easy travel and convenience. Whether you’re a casual gamer or a dedicated Nintendo enthusiast, the SanDisk 128GB microSDXC-Card is a must-have accessory to enhance your gaming experience.
Overall Score: 9.2/10
The Silicon Power 512GB Micro SD Card is a high-speed memory card with UHS Speed Class 3 (U3) and Video Speed Class 30 (V30) ratings. It offers high compatibility with various devices including smartphones, tablets, drones, action cameras, DSLRs, and 4K or Full HD camcorders. The card is also compatible with Nintendo Switch after a system update. It comes with a 5-year limited manufacturer warranty, providing peace of mind to the users. With its impressive storage capacity and reliable performance, this micro SD card is a great choice for Nintendo Switch, DJI Pocket 2, drones, and other devices that require extensive storage.
Key Features
- UHS Speed Class 3 (U3) and Video Speed Class 30 (V30)
- High compatibility with various devices
- 5-year limited manufacturer warranty
- Compatible with Nintendo Switch (system update required)
Specifications
- Color: 512GB
Pros
- High compatibility with a wide range of devices
- Fast read and write speeds
- 5-year limited manufacturer warranty
Cons
- May have occasional compatibility issues with certain devices
- Storage capacity slightly lower compared to more expensive options
The Silicon Power 512GB Micro SD Card is a reliable and affordable option for those in need of additional storage for their devices. With its fast read and write speeds, high compatibility, and 5-year limited warranty, it offers great value for money. While it may have occasional compatibility issues and a slightly lower storage capacity compared to more expensive options, it still delivers excellent performance for the majority of users. Whether you’re a Nintendo Switch gamer, a DJI Pocket 2 user, or a drone enthusiast, this micro SD card is a reliable companion for expanding your storage capabilities.
Overall Score: 8.5/10
The Silicon Power 256GB Micro SD Card is a high-speed and reliable memory card designed for use with Nintendo Switch, cameras, drones, and more. With a UHS Speed Class 3 (U3) and Video Speed Class 30 (V30) rating, it offers fast data transfer rates of up to 100MB/s, ensuring smooth and seamless operations. The card is compatible with various devices including smartphones, tablets, action cameras, DSLRs, and 4K or Full HD camcorders. It comes with a 5-year limited manufacturer warranty for added assurance. The Silicon Power micro SD card is resistant to water, temperature fluctuations, shocks, and X-rays, ensuring the safety of your data even in challenging environments. With its generous storage capacity, high compatibility, and durable design, it is an excellent choice for expanding storage capabilities.
Key Features
- UHS Speed Class 3 (U3) and Video Speed Class 30 (V30)
- High compatibility for various devices
- 5-year limited manufacturer warranty
Specifications
- Color: 256GB
Pros
- Fast data transfer rates of up to 100MB/s
- Ample storage capacity of 256GB
- Included adapter for versatile use
- Robust and reliable durability
- Compatible with Nintendo Switch
Cons
- Not advised for use with Steam Deck or ROG-Ally
- Usable capacity may be slightly lower than advertised
The Silicon Power 256GB Micro SD Card is a top-notch choice for anyone in need of fast and reliable storage for their digital devices. It offers impressive data transfer speeds, ample storage capacity, and a versatile adapter for enhanced compatibility. The card’s durability ensures the safety of your precious data, even in challenging environments. While it may not be suitable for use with Steam Deck or ROG-Ally, it excels in its intended applications including Nintendo Switch, cameras, and drones. With its excellent performance and value, this micro SD card is definitely a wise investment. Whether you’re a gamer, a photographer, or a videographer, the Silicon Power 256GB Micro SD Card will meet and exceed your storage needs with its exceptional performance and reliability.
Overall Score: 8.5/10
The TCELL Gaming 128GB microSD Card is designed specifically for gaming consoles, especially the Nintendo Switch. It offers fantastic performance with read speeds up to 100MB/s and write speeds up to 80MB/s, allowing for quick game starts and smooth gameplay. With its low energy design, the card consumes 30% less power, ensuring uninterrupted gaming sessions. The 128GB capacity allows for immediate storage expansion and is also suitable for other devices like laptops, tablets, smartphones, cameras, and more. The card comes with a 5-year warranty for added peace of mind. Overall, the TCELL Gaming 128GB microSD Card is a reliable and efficient storage solution for gamers.
Key Features
- Designed for Gaming Consoles, especially Nintendo Switch
- Read speeds up to 100MB/s and write speeds up to 80MB/s
- 30% reduced power consumption
- Available in 128GB, 256GB, and 512GB capacities
- 5-year warranty
Specifications
- Color: 128GB
- Dimension: 0.59Lx0.43Wx0.04H
Pros
- Designed specifically for gaming consoles
- Fast read and write speeds
- Low power consumption
- Expandable storage for various devices
- Comes with a 5-year warranty
Cons
- Some users experienced underwhelming performance compared to competitors
- Slightly higher cost compared to major brands
The TCELL Gaming 128GB microSD Card is a reliable storage option for gamers, especially Nintendo Switch owners. It offers excellent performance with fast read and write speeds, allowing for quick game starts and smooth gameplay. The card’s low power consumption ensures uninterrupted gaming sessions, and the 128GB capacity provides ample storage for games and other digital content. While some users reported slightly slower speeds compared to major brands, the overall performance is still satisfactory. The inclusion of a 5-year warranty adds to the card’s appeal. However, potential buyers should consider the slightly higher cost compared to major competitors. Overall, the TCELL Gaming 128GB microSD Card is a solid choice for gamers seeking reliable and efficient storage.
Overall Score: 8/10
Upgrade your storage options with the 1TB Micro SD Card with Adapter. This high-speed microSD card is perfect for use with smartphones, cameras, tablets, drones, and even the Nintendo Switch. It comes with an SD card adapter, allowing you to use it on any SD card interface. The card is made of high-quality chips, ensuring stable performance and reliable data storage. With its large capacity and fast reading speed, you can view and transfer files instantly without worrying about insufficient storage space. Additionally, the HUNYEIZ SD Card is designed to withstand extreme conditions, including high temperature, water, shocks, X-rays, and static. Backed by a 2-year warranty, this microSD card is a reliable choice for expanding your device's storage.
Key Features
- Micro SD card with SD card adapter
- Stable and never worry about data loss
- Protection against extreme conditions
- Large capacity and high speed
- 2-year warranty
Specifications
- Color: White&Red 1TB
Pros
- Comes with SD card adapter
- Reliable performance with high-quality chips
- Can withstand extreme conditions
- Large capacity and fast reading rate
- 2-year warranty for customer satisfaction
Cons
- Not compatible for Nintendo Switch as advertised
- Does not support 4K
The 1TB Micro SD Card with Adapter is a reliable storage solution for various devices. It offers fast performance, a large capacity, and the ability to withstand extreme conditions. The included SD card adapter adds versatility, allowing you to use the microSD card on any SD card interface. However, there have been some compatibility issues reported with the Nintendo Switch, so it’s important to double-check before purchasing for gaming purposes. Overall, this microSD card provides ample storage space and reliable performance for smartphones, cameras, tablets, drones, and more.
Overall Score: 8/10
The Micro Center Premium 128GB microSDXC Card is a versatile and reliable storage solution. It offers a fast Read/Write Speed of up to 90MB/s and 60MB/s, making it ideal for high-resolution photo capturing. With its extended capacity, you can store a large amount of pictures, music, and documents. This microSDXC card is 4K UHD capable and Full HD ready, delivering excellent performance for action cameras, DSLR, drones, laptops, and more. It is also rated Application Class 1 (A1), ensuring faster app loading and enhanced app performance. The card is highly durable, being waterproof, shockproof, temperature proof, and X-ray proof, making it suitable for use in dashcams, CCTV, surveillance, and driving recorders. Additionally, it is a compatible micro SD card for Nintendo Switch and Switch Lite, with a system update required for use. The Micro Center Premium 128GB microSDXC Card comes with a 3-Year Limited Warranty and includes a Full-Size adapter for extended use.
Key Features
- Micro SD Card 128GB. Fast Read/Write Speed up to: 90MB/s and 60MB/s respectively for high-resolution photo capturing. Extended Capacity for pictures, music, documents
- 4K UHD Capable and Full HD Ready with UHS-I speed class 3 (U3) and video speed class 30 (V30). Cool travel gadgets for action cameras, DSLR, drones, laptops and more
- Rated Application Class 1 (A1) for faster app loading and enhanced app performance. Great storage accessories for tablets, smartphones, games consoles, android devices. A compatible micro SD card for Nintendo Switch and Switch Lite, a system update is required for using a micro SDXC card, visit the Nintendo Switch official website for more details
- High durability Micro Card that is waterproof, shockproof, temperature proof and X-ray proof. Keep your data secure in dashcams, CCTV, surveillance and driving recorders
- Micro SDXC card, look for the SDXC logo on cards and host devices to ensure compatibility. 3-Year Limited Warranty. Includes Full-Size adapter for extended use
Specifications
- Color: Blue
- Dimension: 0.43Lx0.59Wx0.08H
- Size: 128GB
Pros
- Fast Read/Write Speed
- 4K UHD and Full HD Ready
- Rated Application Class 1 (A1)
- High durability and data security
- 3-Year Limited Warranty
Cons
The Micro Center Premium 128GB microSDXC Card offers excellent performance and versatility for various devices. With its fast Read/Write Speed and extended capacity, it is a reliable storage solution for capturing high-resolution photos and storing multimedia files. Its 4K UHD capability and Full HD readiness make it suitable for action cameras, DSLRs, and more. The card’s durability and data security features ensure your precious data is protected in various environments. The inclusion of a Full-Size adapter and a 3-Year Limited Warranty add to its value. Overall, the Micro Center Premium 128GB microSDXC Card is a great choice for those in need of a reliable and high-performance storage solution.
Overall Score: 9/10
The Lexar PLAY 1TB microSDXC UHS-I Micro SD Memory Card is a versatile storage solution for various devices. With compatibility for Nintendo Switch, Steam Deck, ASUS ROG Ally, smartphones, and tablets, it offers expanded storage space for games, videos, and other content. The memory card provides fast transfer speeds up to 150MB/s, ensuring quick loading times. Its large 1TB capacity allows for storing numerous games, movies, and files. Additionally, the A2-rated performance enables faster app loading. With a five-year limited product support, the Lexar PLAY microSDXC is a reliable option for gamers and users seeking additional storage.
Key Features
- -Compatible with Nintendo Switch, Steam Deck, ASUS ROG Ally, other portable gaming devices, smartphones and tablets
- -Fast transfer speeds for quick loading time with up to 150MB/s read
- -Store more videos, movies, games, music and your favorite content with large capacity
- -Loads apps faster with A2-rated performance
- -Five-year limited product support
Specifications
- Color: Red
- Dimension: 0.04Lx0.59Wx0.53H
- Size: 1TB
Pros
- Compatible with multiple gaming devices, smartphones, and tablets
- Fast transfer speeds for quick loading time
- Large capacity for storing videos, movies, games, and content
- A2-rated performance for faster app loading
- Five-year limited product support
Cons
- Slow real-life write speed for some users
The Lexar PLAY 1TB microSDXC UHS-I Micro SD Memory Card offers extensive storage for gaming devices, smartphones, and tablets. Its fast transfer speeds, large capacity, and A2-rated performance make it a convenient choice for gamers and content creators. Although some users experienced slow write speeds in real-life scenarios, the overall performance and compatibility of the memory card receive positive reviews. With a reputable brand and a five-year limited product support, the Lexar PLAY microSDXC is a reliable option for those who require expanded storage for their devices.
Overall Score: 8.5/10
The SanDisk 512 GB microSDXC is a high-capacity memory card designed to provide extensive storage for your devices. With its 512 GB storage capacity, you can capture more photos and videos without worrying about running out of space. This memory card is also engineered to be waterproof, temperature-proof, X-ray-proof, and shockproof, ensuring durability and protection for your data. The SanDisk microSDXC is compatible with various devices, including smartphones, cameras, and gaming consoles. It offers reliable performance and easy formatting. However, some users have experienced packaging issues. Overall, it is an excellent choice for those who require ample storage for multimedia and want a reliable and durable memory card.
Key Features
- Waterproof, temperature-proof, X-ray-proof, and shockproof
- 512 GB storage capacity for more pictures and movies
- Compatible with various devices
- Reliable performance and easy formatting
Specifications
- Color: Green
- Dimension: 2.70Lx2.60Wx0.20H
Pros
- Extensive storage capacity
- Durable and reliable
- Great performance
- Compatible with various devices
Cons
- Packaging issues
The SanDisk 512 GB microSDXC is a top choice for users looking for a high-capacity memory card. With reliable and durable features, this memory card offers extensive storage for photos, videos, and other data. It is compatible with various devices and provides excellent performance. However, some users have reported packaging issues, which can be a minor inconvenience. Overall, if you need a reliable and high-capacity memory card, the SanDisk 512 GB microSDXC is an excellent option.
Overall Score: 9/10
Upgrade your Nintendo Switch storage with the Gigastone 512GB Micro SD Card. With read/write speeds of up to 100/60 MB/s, it allows for smooth UltraHD video displaying and recording. Designed especially for gaming consoles, the A1 spec enables high-speed data transfer for game professionals. This microSDXC memory card is not limited to gaming and can also provide storage for laptops, tablets, PCs, smartphones, cameras, and e-readers. It is waterproof, shockproof, temperature-proof, and X-ray proof, ensuring the safety of your data. With the Gigastone 5-year limited warranty, you can trust in the reliability of this microSD card.
Key Features
- Read/Write up to 100/60 MB/s
- Designed for Gaming Consoles
- Storage for various devices
- Waterproof, shockproof, temperature-proof, and X-Ray proof
- Gigastone 5-year limited warranty
Specifications
- Color: 512GB Gaming Plus 1 Pack
- Size: Gaming Plus
Pros
- High read/write speeds
- Designed for gaming consoles
- Compatible with various devices
- Durable and reliable
- Comes with a 5-year limited warranty
Cons
The Gigastone 512GB Micro SD Card is an excellent option for anyone looking to expand their Nintendo Switch storage. With its high-speed performance, wide compatibility, and durability, it provides a reliable solution for storing games, videos, music, and files. The included 5-year limited warranty adds to the peace of mind. Whether you’re a casual gamer or a professional, this microSD card offers ample space and efficient data transfer. Upgrade your gaming experience with the Gigastone 512GB Micro SD Card and never worry about storage limitations again.
Overall Score: 9/10
The Gigastone 256GB Micro SD Card is a high-quality memory card specifically designed for gaming consoles like the Nintendo Switch and Steam Deck. With A1 specification, it enables high-speed data transfer for game professionals. It offers read/write speeds of up to 100/60 MB/s, making it perfect for storing and displaying UltraHD videos. This memory card is compatible with various devices such as laptops, tablets, PCs, smartphones, cameras, and e-readers, providing ample storage for files, videos, and music. It is also waterproof, shockproof, temperature-proof, and X-Ray proof, ensuring your data remains safe in any environment. The product comes with a 5-year limited warranty from Gigastone. Overall, it is a reliable and versatile storage solution for gamers and tech enthusiasts.
Key Features
- Especially designed for gaming consoles
- Read/Write up to 100/60 MB/s for Ultra HD video
- Compatible with various devices
- Waterproof, shockproof, temperature-proof, and X-Ray proof
- Includes a 5-year limited warranty
Specifications
- Color: 256GB Gaming Plus 1 Pack
- Dimension: 0.39Lx0.39Wx0.50H
Pros
- High-speed data transfer for gaming professionals
- Ample storage space for files, videos, and music
- Durable and reliable in various environments
- 5-year limited warranty for added peace of mind
Cons
- One user reported a defective card
- No area to write a number on the card
The Gigastone 256GB Micro SD Card is an excellent choice for gamers and tech enthusiasts seeking a reliable and versatile storage solution. With high-speed data transfer, ample storage capacity, and compatibility with various devices, it offers great value for money. The card’s durability and resistance to water, shock, temperature, and X-rays ensure the safety of your valuable data. Additionally, Gigastone’s 5-year limited warranty provides peace of mind. However, it’s worth noting that there have been isolated reports of defective cards, and some users desired a writable area on the card. Overall, the Gigastone Micro SD Card is a top-notch option for gamers, photographers, and anyone in need of reliable storage.
Overall Score: 9.2/10
Expand your gaming memory with the SanDisk 512GB Nintendo Switch MicroSD Card. This themed Animal Crossing Micro SD Card features game storage compatible with the Nintendo Switch and Switch Lite, allowing you to add more memory for your digital games. With high-speed read and write speeds, it supports Full HD and 4K video recording and playback. The microSD card is an essential and official Nintendo accessory, and it comes with Class 10 speed ratings. It is also shockproof, temperature-proof, waterproof, and X-ray-proof. The bundle includes a card reader for easy file transfer and viewing on your computer. Upgrade to the 512GB card and never worry about running out of space again.
Key Features
- Bundle includes (1) 512GB San Disk Micro SDXC for Nintendo Switch Memory Card
- High speed up to 100mb/s Read speeds; 90mb/s Write speed
- Shockproof, temperature-proof, waterproof, and X-ray-proof
- Official Nintendo accessory with Class 10 speed ratings
Specifications
- Color: 512GB
- Size: 512GB
Pros
- Ample storage for digital games
- High-speed performance for HD and 4K video
- Durable and reliable
- Easy file transfer with included card reader
Cons
- Pricier compared to lower capacity options
The SanDisk 512GB Nintendo Switch MicroSD Card is a game-changer for avid gamers who crave more storage space. With its impressive 512GB capacity, this memory card is perfect for storing a vast library of digital games, including popular titles like Zelda, Mario, and Animal Crossing. The high-speed performance ensures smooth gameplay and seamless video recording. Additionally, the card’s durability offers peace of mind, with protection against shocks, temperature changes, water, and X-rays. The included card reader adds convenience for transferring files between devices. While it may come at a slightly higher price point, the SanDisk 512GB MicroSD Card is a worthwhile investment for serious gamers. Upgrade to this massive storage solution and never worry about running out of space on your Nintendo Switch again.
Overall Score: 9/10
The 256GB Micro SD Card for Nintendo Switch & Switch Lite is a high-capacity memory card suitable for a variety of devices. With a read speed of up to 95MB/s and a write speed of up to 50MB/s, it offers excellent performance for 4K UHD video recording and high-quality pictures. The card is compatible with devices such as Nintendo Switch, action cameras like GoPro and DJI drones, Android smartphones, tablets, digital cameras, and more. It is water-proof, X-ray safe, and anti-shock, making it durable for different environments. Based on the SD Association SD 5.1 specifications, the card allows for high-speed video recording. Its colorful pattern adds a lively touch to its design.
Key Features
- U3 V30 TF Card with High Speed
- Great Performance for Nintendo Switch and Switch Lite!
- Good for 4K UHD video recording and high-quality pictures
- Water-proof, X-ray Safe, Anti-Shock
- Colorful Pattern
Specifications
- Color: 256GB
- Dimension: 0.60Lx0.40Wx0.04H
Pros
- Fast delivery and great packaging
- Compatible with a wide range of devices
- Good value for the price
- Actual capacity as advertised
- Durable and reliable
Cons
- Difficult to open the packaging
The 256GB Micro SD Card for Nintendo Switch & Switch Lite is a reliable and high-performance memory card suitable for various devices. With fast read and write speeds, it excels in 4K UHD video recording and provides ample storage for your files. Its compatibility, durability, and colorful design make it an excellent choice for gamers, photographers, and drone enthusiasts. The only downside is the challenging packaging, which may require some effort to open. Overall, this memory card offers great value for money and is highly recommended for those in need of additional storage capacity.
Buyer's Guide: SD Card for Nintendo Switch
Unlock the full potential of your Nintendo Switch with the right SD card! Expand your storage capacity, improve load times, and enhance your gaming experience. With so many options available, it can be overwhelming to choose the perfect SD card for your Nintendo Switch. Fear not! This comprehensive buyer's guide will provide you with all the information and tips you need to make an informed decision.
Key Considerations
Before delving into the world of SD cards for your Nintendo Switch, let's explore some key factors to consider during your decision-making process:
- Storage Capacity: Determine the amount of storage you require, keeping in mind that game files can vary in size. Consider your gaming habits and whether you intend to download a multitude of games or prefer physical copies.
- Transfer Speed: Faster transfer speeds mean shorter load times, resulting in a seamless gaming experience. Look for SD cards with high read and write speeds to maximize performance.
- Reliability: Opt for SD cards from reputable brands known for their quality and reliability. A trustworthy card will safeguard your valuable data and ensure smooth gameplay.
- Compatibility: Ensure the SD card you choose is compatible with the Nintendo Switch. Look for cards specifically labeled as compatible and check whether they adhere to Nintendo's standards.
Best SD Cards for Nintendo Switch
Below is a list of popular SD cards that are compatible with the Nintendo Switch. Remember to choose the one that fulfills your specific requirements.
- SanDisk Extreme Pro – A gaming enthusiast's dream, this SD card provides lightning-fast speeds and exceptional reliability. With up to 1TB of storage capacity, it's ideal for those with massive game collections.
- Samsung EVO Plus – Known for its high-performance and affordable price, this SD card offers impressive speeds and ample storage options. It's a great choice for gamers on a budget.
- Lexar Professional 1000x – Delivering reliable performance and quick read speeds, this SD card is perfect for gamers seeking a balance between speed and affordability. Available in various capacities to suit your needs.
- Kingston Canvas React – Offering excellent transfer speeds and a wide range of capacities, this SD card is a reliable choice without breaking the bank. It's perfect for gamers who appreciate value for money.
- Sony SF-G Tough – This rugged SD card can withstand extreme conditions and offers blazing-fast read and write speeds. While it may have a higher price tag, its durability makes it an ideal choice for avid adventurers.
Frequently Asked Questions about 12 Best SD Card Nintendo Switch for 2023
While the Nintendo Switch comes with internal storage, it can quickly get filled up, especially if you have a large game collection or enjoy downloading games. An SD card is highly recommended to expand storage capacity and enhance your gaming experience.
Look for SD cards that are specifically labeled as compatible with the Nintendo Switch. Additionally, ensure that they adhere to Nintendo’s official standards to avoid any compatibility issues.
The storage capacity depends on your personal gaming habits. If you have a vast game collection or prefer digital downloads, choose a higher storage capacity. For occasional gamers or those with a smaller game collection, a lower capacity may suffice.
No, SD cards differ in terms of speed. Look for cards with higher read and write speeds to ensure faster load times and smoother gameplay. The card’s class or speed rating is usually indicated on its packaging.
Absolutely! While SD cards are primarily used to expand the Nintendo Switch’s storage, they can also be used for other devices such as cameras, smartphones, and computers, depending on compatibility.
