One of the hurdles faced in the construction of a quantum computer is how to move qubits around inside. According to an NIST news release, NIST's Joint Quantum Institute joined forces with researchers at Princenton to solve this problem by creating a "quantum bus". Physicist Jacob Taylor explains the problem this way:

"In order to couple qubits, we need to be able to move information about one to the other. There are a few ways that this can be done and they usually involve moving around the particles themselves, which is very difficult to do quickly without destabilizing their spins - which are carrying the information - or transferring information about the spins to light. While this is easier than moving the particles themselves, the interaction between light and matter is generally very weak."

Their solution uses the latter method. First, they combined spin-orbit qubits with circuit quantum electrodynamics. The resulting device couples the spins of electrons trapped in an indium-arsenide quantum dot with the electron's positions. This allows the magnetic field of the qubit (which now reflects the spins), to interact with microwave photons moving in a superconducting cavity. In effect, they've got half of a bus - the spin information is moved from the qubit to a photon. So you can't buy that quantum brain for your robot just yet. They still need to get the spin information from the photon into another qubit at the other end of the bus. For a more detailed explanation of the work, with schematics and links to papers, see the JQI news release. A Princeton news release also mentions the work.

Let's start off this week's news roundup by welcoming two new robot websites: first is Robotics.gd, which will include forums, chat, and photo galleries. Next up is Robohub, a robot news site where you'll see some familiar faces from here on robots.net and the robots podcast. We're always happy to see new robot sites and look forward to collaborating! In other news, Wendy Hughson of Intellibot Robotics wrote to let us know about a donation of two robots they made recently to the Upper Merion School District in Pennsylvania. The robots will be used in the STEM program by students at the Upper Merion Middle School. Tim Smith writes, "Just wanted to share some news from the Open Source Robotics Foundation, the spin-off from personal robotics company Willow Garage. Two recent OSRF blog posts have covered their relationship with DARPA and the Disaster Robotics Challenge, as well as the fact that Toyota's Human Support Robot (HSR) will be running on ROS." Finally Aldebaran Robotics sent an announcement saying their URBI robot operating system suite is now being distributed as free software under the BSD license. Know any other robot news, gossip, or amazing facts we should report? Send 'em our way please. And don't forget to follow us on twitter and Facebook. Now you can add us to your Google+ circles too.

DARPA's Autonomous High-Altitude Refueling (AHR) program hopes to bring autonomous refueling to the Global Hawk and other flying robots. A recent DARPA news release says the AHR program has completed a test flight that brings their goal one step closer. During the test, two Global Hawks flew within 100 feet or less of each other for 2.5 hours at 44,800 feet. The aircraft were fitted with a refueling probe and a receiver drogue, which were brought into the correct orientation to connect but were not actually connected during this test flight. According to Jim McCormick of DARPA:

"The goal of this demonstration was to create the expectation that future HALE aircraft will be refueled in flight. Such designs should be more affordable to own and operate across a range of mission profiles than systems built to satisfy the most stressing case without refueling. The lessons from AHR certainly extend beyond the HALE flight regime, and insights into non-traditional tanker concepts may offer further operational advantages."

Read on for two videos showing the Global Hawks during one of the approach maneuvers from the point of view of each UAV.

Platypus, LLC is a company spun off from CMU's Robotics Institute this year. Their product is an autonomous robot airboat that can be deployed into bodies of water for environmental monitoring, flood response, fish farming, and other applications. The robot itself is made from a polyurethane hull with three primary components mounted on the deck: an electric propulsion fan, a watertight electronics enclosure, and an enclosure for a smartphone. The robot has a variety of water quality sensors that measure dissolved oxygen, temperature, conductivity, and pH. The sensors are monitored by an Arduino. Water samples can be collected as well. The smartphone relays the telemetry and video through 3G or WiFi and can receive instructions from an operator. For more, see a recent Pittsburgh Business Times story on Platypus as well as the CMU Robotics Institute news release. Read more for additional photos and video of the CRW in action.

A University of Pennsylvania news release describes what may be a major breakthough in our understanding of human vision. Scientists at the Perelman School of Medicine have discovered a mathematical description common across all people that maps visual function to brain anatomy. Geoffrey Aguirre notes:

"By measuring brain anatomy and applying an algorithm, we can now accurately predict how the visual world for an individual should be arranged on the surface of the brain. We are already using this advance to study how vision loss changes the organization of the brain."

The researchers used fMRI to measure brain activity of multiple people, identifying the precise relationship between brain folds and visual representation. The general schematic for this relationship was discovered in 1918 by neurologist Gordon Holmes, who reverse-engineered it by mapping blind spots caused by war injuries to patient's brains. The map will be very useful in designing brain-machine interfaces for a visual prosthesis or other applications. It may also offer new insights applicable to machine vision for robots. The full details are currently pay-walled in the paper The retinotopic organization of striate cortex is well predicted by surface topology. However, a nice summary may be found online with the raw data which you can download and run in FreeSurfer, a free software application used for analysis and visualization of brain imaging data.

I was able to attend the 2012 robot competition of the American Society of Agricultural & Biological Engineers (ASABE) recently. When did agricultural engineering students start studying robots? Just as students in any field need to know about computers, it seems robots too are becoming ubiquitous. This year's contest was designed to encourage students to think about ways robots could solve agricultural problems such as optimizing distribution of feed in cattle lots. Read on for photos and more info about the contest.

Michael Schreiber of the Institute for Computer Science at the Universität Bonn sent us some information on their latest robot, NimbRo-OP. The small, humanoid robot is based on a completely open platform with both the hardware and software released under free and open licenses. NimbRo-OP is 95 cm tall (37.4 inches), uses 20 Robotis Dynamixel servos, has a dual-core AMD processor, WiFi, video camera, 3-axis accelerometer, and 3-axis gyro. The initial GNU/Linux software is based on DARwin-OP. Michael says there is ongoing development of software based on ROS. The robot is size-compatible with the RoboCup Humanoid League's TeenSize class. The goal was to get a very simple, working design out as open source so that other groups can start using and improving it. Read on to see a couple of videos of NimbRo-OP in action.

In episode #114 Robots Podcast speaks with Rodney Brooks at the offices of Rethink Robotics, discussing the motivation behind his getting into robots for manufacturing, Rethink's safe, interactive approach, how low-cost drove their design decisions, and how it all came together in their first product, Baxter.

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Patrick Goebel wrote to let us know about his new book called ROS by Example that's available through Lulu in paperback or PDF format. If you're new to ROS, you might also be interested that NooTrix has set up a VirtualBox virtual machine with ROS to simplify getting it running on your GNU/Linux box. We have news of two new crowd-funded robot projects out there: Robert Oschler has started an Indiegogo campaign to fund his Brain Control Interface (BCI) toolkit, open source robot control software that uses the Emotiv 14-electrode consumer EEG headset; also Jose Quinones of the Dallas Personal Robotics Group is running a Kickstarter campaign to fund his CNC Mother Board project that provides inexpensive, general purpose hardware for controlling CNC machines. Finally, Patrick Gleeson wrote to let us know about his Robot Circus, an animatronic/puppet show he's developed. What's it about? "in a junk-punk, post-apocalyptic future an incorrigible showman and a boy genius build robotic animals from trash and make them the stars of a travelling circus". Know any other robot news, gossip, or amazing facts we should report? Send 'em our way please. And don't forget to follow us on twitter and Facebook.

This video originally appeared in an article by Markus Waibel in the Learn section of Robohub.org, and is the first in what is anticipated to be a series of such microlectures.

In Robots Podcast #113, Mark Tilden talks about the the efforts and events leading up to the creation of Robosapien and Femisapien, and other designs marketed by WowWee, and how his attention has turned from toys, the current market for which he terms saturated, to robots that do things people need done, and his belief that bottom up BEAM robotics (Biology, Electronics, Aesthetics, and Mechanics) is essential in creating low cost, competent, robust and flexible robots. In the news segment, which precedes the interview(s) in the podcast, Rethink Robotics, the company formerly known as Heartland Robotics, has emerged from 4 years of stealth mode and introduced its first product, a humanoid called Baxter, a dual-armed, pedestal-mounted robot that's trainable and can safely work in close proximity to people. In other news, US company iRobot has acquired US company Evolution Robotics, maker of the Mint vacuum cleaner and North Star positioning system and developer of visual SLAM (Simultaneous Localization And Mapping) algorithms. And, finally, a group of researchers at EPFL in Lausanne, Switzerland have begun marketing the Thymio II educational robot, the toolset for which is now complete. The price is 99 Swiss Francs, plus another 32 Swiss Frans for administrative and shipping costs, outside of Europe, for a total of just over US$140.

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Rodney Brooks founded Rethink Robotics in 2008. After a lot of R&D, they're ready to release their first robot, named Baxter. What makes Baxter different than all the other industrial robots out there? Baxter is behaviour-based and adapts automatically to the environment as he tries to understand the user's expectations. Basically, Baxter has a little more common sense than your typical industrial robot. There's no traditional programming process; instead, a non-technical user can teach Baxter a new task using a GUI and by directly moving the robot's arms. Baxter even has a primordial hint of Asimov's laws in the form of subsumptive safety measures that make the usual safety cage around the robot's working area unnecessary. As humans approach the robot, it detects their presence and moves more slowly and carefully to avoid hurting them. Baxter is made in the US and part of Rethink's marketing strategy is to convince US companies that might otherwise send their manufacturing off-shore, that Baxter can make US manufacturing competitive for them again. And, like most modern, socially interactive robots, Baxter is equipped with prominently displayed non-human eyes to creep you out. Read on for more photos and video of Baxter in action.

Thymio II was introduced at the 2011 EPFL Robotic Festival. Now, with the introduction of Aseba, the creative toolset associated with it is complete. Aseba allows even younger children to animate their creations by programming Thymio II. Developed within the framework of the Swiss National Center for Competence in Research Robotics, by a team of the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), the Ecole d'Art de Lausanne (écal), the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETHZ) and the Mobsya association, Thymio II has been distributed to more than 1000 Swiss children. Examples of what they've done with it can be found on the Aseba website.

Hector is a robot designed to assist elderly people who suffer from mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Developed as part of the CompanionAble project by researchers at the Smart Homes foundation in the Netherlands. Herjan van den Heuvel of Smart Homes writes:

"The developed care robot acts as a coach and companion, and supports the user by means of suggestions, encouragements and reminders on a physical, cognitive and social level. Think about offering structure by eating and drinking suggestions and medicines reminders, proposing activities such as going for a walk, playing a game, or calling someone, and reminding about appointments and tasks. It is expected that this will contribute to a more active, enjoyable and healthier life, not only for the end-user, but also for the partner or social carer. The robot can be considered as an helping hand for both."

A series of two-day live-in tests put Hector and real MCI patients together. So far all patients accepted the robot and found it helpful, even those who initially found it scary (which is understandable given that the robot is equipped with moving eyes that seem to serve no purpose but to make it look creepy). The tests also uncovered many aspect of the robot that still need improvement before it can be deployed for real. After the break, see video of Hector in action as well as video of an earlier prototype of the CompanionAble robot.

In Robots Podcast #112 (Sept. 7th, 2012), interviewer Per Sjoborg talks with Matthias Kohler, Chair of Architecture and Digital Fabrication at ETH Zurich and renowned architect, about his work in robotic architecture at the Future Cities Laboratory (FCL), which is part of the Singapore-ETH Centre for Global Environmental Sustainability (SEC) in Singapore. Professor Kohler discusses how he first got interested in robotics and automated architecture, and what the future plans are for his lab. He also talks about how the design of buildings and the urban landscape will change when the construction process becomes automated. The news segment, which precedes the interview in the podcast, reports on a DARPA contract, awarded to Science Applications International Corporation, under which SAIC will design, develop, and conduct sea trials of an unmanned submarine that is capable of tracking enemy vessels for thousands of kilometers, the Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) Continuous Trail Unmanned Vessel (ACTUV). DARPA has also released an online game to aid in the development of strategies for the effective use of ACTUV. Also mentioned is the the Kinect@Home project, sponsored by the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, which aims at crowdsourcing 3D models of everyday objects.

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As usual the mailbox is overflowing with robots news. First off, don't forget to vote for the robots you want inducted in CMU's 2012 Robot Hall of Fame ceremony. Joanne Pransky let us know about a new line of robot grippers being launched by ST Robotics. Jessica from Robotdalen sends news that Japanese firm Cyberdyne Inc, the company that makes the HAL exoskeleton, is setting up shop in Sweden. Shawn, from the University of Dayton, sent a press release and video of a new battlefield medic robot they're developing to be air-dropped into dangerous areas to locate and evacuate wounded soldiers. Wondering what The Swirling Brain has been up to lately? Building papercraft mech robots. And one last item - Curtis Ellzey of EngineeringTV sent some cool video of SparkFun's autonomous vehicle competition from earlier this year. Know any other robot news, gossip, or amazing facts we should report? Send 'em our way please. And don't forget to follow us on twitter.

In Episode 111, Robots Podcast speaks with Francesco Mondada, organizer of the Robotics Festival at EPFL, a yearly event which this year gathered over 15,000 visitors for hands-on workshops and demonstrations. They also walk you through the many exhibits showcasing multi-robot systems, flying robots, rehabilitation robots, and robotic salamanders. In the news segment, which precedes the interviews, they mention research at Harvard which has produced a soft robot which can change color to blend with or stand out from its surroundings, and research at the University of Geneva which has produced a collar that measures and transmits a sheep's heartbeat. Aggregation of this information over a flock is significant enough to detect, for example, an imminent wolf attack, and the collars are also capable of dispensing wolf repellant.

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Salah Sukkarieh is an Associate Professor in the School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, within the Faculty of Engineering & Information Technologies, at The University of Sydney. He is also Director of the Australian Centre for Field Robotics (ACFR), which is included within the ARC Centre of Excellence for Autonomous Systems. In this interview he provides us with an overview of the Centre's past and present projects, pointing out how Australia's geography and demographics have acted to galvanize interest in field robotics there, particularly in the mining sector, and how they are likely to continue to shape the distribution of resources for ongoing research. He also discusses how the context for robotics has changed with the accumulation of experience and proven designs, such that a roboticist can now speak to a client with confidence about various potential approaches to addressing their needs.

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Depending on which time zone you're in, either yesterday evening or early this morning, a rocket-powered sky crane lowered the Curiosity rover gently to the surface of Mars, just in time for Curiosity to send a few low-res images before the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) and Odyssey, either of which could relay its signal back to Earth, dropped below the horizon and lost contact, culminating years of planning and months of anxious anticipation. Considering the complex sequence of steps involved, the narrow window of time within which each had to be performed, and the fact that all were performed autonomously by the system in flight or by the rover itself, this successful landing is a major victory for the incorporation of robotic technologies into rocket science. Congratulations to all involved!

Last week, SenseFly and Pix4D announced deals with drone maker Parrot, in which Parrot will invest in both companies, 5 million Swiss francs in SenseFly and 2.4 million in Pix4D. Both spinoffs of EPFL, SenseFly and Pix4D have a history of cooperation, with SenseFly providing the camera-equipped UAVs for which they have also developed navigational software that allows them to fly complete missions autonomously, and Pix4D providing the software that transforms the thousands of images produced by the drones into unified geographical information. (Kudos to Engadget for their prompt reportage.)